Refining laboratory rodent husbandry - recent advances
نویسنده
چکیده
The three Rs of animal research Replacement, Reduction, Refinement first put forward by Russell and Birch (1959) have provided the foundation on which many of the advances in laboratory animal welfare have been built. The desired end-state is the complete replacement of animals in research, however until scientific advances make this feasible, efforts should be taken to refine husbandry procedures in order to minimise pain and distress for the animals involved. This paper will discuss a number of recent studies aimed at addressing some of the welfare concerns associated with laboratory rodents in terms of environmental enrichment, reduction of intermale aggression, and humane euthanasia.
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